Risk is very low in travelers unless a bioterrorism event occurs. Domestic and wild animals may become infected when they inhale or ingest spores in contaminated soil, plants, or water, and the illness may be transmitted to humans upon contact with such infected animals or animal products. Postexposure prevention includes a vaccination series consisting of 3 doses given over 4 weeks, combined with antibiotic use.Īnthrax is an infectious bacterial disease occurring worldwide that presents as cutaneous (most common), gastrointestinal, or inhalation anthrax depending on the route of transmission (skin contact, consumption, or inhalation).A booster may be required annually or every 3 years (depending on risk) to maintain immunity. Duration of vaccine protection declines over time after completing the series.Vaccine side effects are most commonly injection-site reactions, tiredness, headache, and muscle aches.A preexposure vaccination series is 3 doses given over 6 months. Anthrax vaccine is not routinely recommended for travelers unless otherwise indicated for occupational reasons.Prevention includes avoiding risk behaviors, such as contact with infected livestock or animal products and consumption of contaminated meat. Consequences of infection can include respiratory failure, shock, infection of the blood and internal organs, inflammation of the brain membranes, and death.Symptoms of anthrax differ based on the mode of transmission and include itching and skin lesions covered by blackened dead tissue, nausea, vomiting, fever, and influenza-like illness.Anthrax is a bacterial infection occurring worldwide, acquired through direct contact with infected animals or animal products, consumption of contaminated meat, or inhalation of airborne anthrax bacterial spores.
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